Beh, se la vostra risposta è proteine e grassi,
sedetevi al primo banco: questi sono i due macronutrienti su cui dovete
concentrarvi. Soprattutto le proteine.
Studi
scientifici hanno mostrato che un'assunzione elevata di proteine, combinata con
allenamenti aerobici e allenamenti con i pesi, può migliorare la
composizione corporea e ridurre il rischio cardiovascolare più di un apporto
proteico tradizionale (cioè basso), combinato con un allenamento aerobico a
intensità moderata.
Infatti, la credenza popolare che chi cerca di perdere
peso dovrebbe limitare l'apporto proteico al 15% fa parte delle nozioni
insensate promulgate dalla maggioranza dei medici che hanno un punto vita
pericolosamente vicino ai centimetri di neve che cadono mediamente a Buffalo.
Cosa succede aumentando l'apporto di proteine? Scopriamolo insieme.
24 uomini e donne obesi o sovrappeso sono
stati suddivisi casualmente in tre gruppi per un esame basato su alimentazione
e allenamento durato 3 mesi.
1) Dieta
ricca di proteine e allenamenti aerobici e con opposizione di resistenza ad
alta intensità (apporto proteico elevato + attività fisica);
2) Dieta
con apporto proteico moderato combinata con allenamenti aerobici e con
opposizione di resistenza ad alta intensità (apporto proteico moderato +
attività fisica);
3) Solo
dieta ricca di proteine (apporto proteico elevato + nessuna attività fisica).
È
interessante osservare che tutti i gruppi hanno sperimentato
riduzioni simili e significative del grasso corporeo, dell'indice di massa
corporea e delle percentuali addominali e totali di grasso, oltre a
miglioramenti simili nella sensibilità all'insulina. Quindi, assumere molte
proteine di per sé fa perdere grasso corporeo.
Foto courtesy www.powertecfitness.it the Leg Press Powertec |
In più, nel gruppo apporto proteico elevato
+ attività fisica si è osservata una riduzione del colesterolo e dei trigliceridi
totali e un aumento del fattore di crescita insulinosimile 1 (IGF-1) e
dell'IGFBP-1.
Anche nel gruppo apporto proteico moderato + attività fisica c'è
stata una riduzione del colesterolo totale, mentre nel gruppo apporto proteico
elevato + nessuna attività fisica sono aumentati il colesterolo delle
lipoproteine ad alta densità, il rapporto HDL - colesterolo totale, l'IGF-1 e
l'IGFBP-1.
Questo studio, quindi, evidenzia vari punti
importanti:
1) Per
migliorare la composizione corporea, basta assumere più proteine;
2) Le
diete ricche di proteine fanno bene alla salute;
3) Le
diete ricche di proteine fanno bene al cuore;
4) In
materia di dieta, non fatevi consigliare dalla American Heart Association
(AHA).
Dott. Jose Antonio
Conclusione
Il consumo di una dieta ricca di proteine (3,4 g / kg / g) in combinazione con un programma di allenamento di allenamento pesi pesante può conferire benefici per quanto riguarda la composizione corporea. Inoltre, non ci sono prove che il consumo di una dieta ricca di proteine abbia effetti deleteri.
Il consumo di una dieta ricca di proteine (3,4 g / kg / g) in combinazione con un programma di allenamento di allenamento pesi pesante può conferire benefici per quanto riguarda la composizione corporea. Inoltre, non ci sono prove che il consumo di una dieta ricca di proteine abbia effetti deleteri.
Riferimenti:
1 Arciero, P. J., et al. (2008). Moderate protein intake improves total and regional body composition and insulin sensitivity in overweight adults. Metabolism. 57:757-765.
2 American Heart Association. (2008). High-Protein Diets. Retrieved from American Heart Association Web site, www.AmericanHeart.org.
Nota del redattore: Il dott. Jose Antonio è il responsabile
dell’International Society of Sports Nutrition (www.TheISSN.org). I suoi altri
siti comprendono wwww.SupplementCoach.com, www.Javafit.com,
www.PerformanceNutritionShow.com e www.JoseAntonioPhD.com.
Articolo pubblicato su Olympian's News / Iron Man magazine Copyrights 2008- 2017
Altri Riferimenti
H. Jackson and O. J. Moore, “The effect of high protein diets on the remaining kidney of rats,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 415–425, 1928. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
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R. G. Toedebusch, T. E. Childs, S. R. Hamilton, J. R. Crowley, F. W. Booth, and M. D. Roberts, “Postprandial leucine and insulin responses and toxicological effects of a novel whey protein hydrolysate-based supplement in rats,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 9, article 24, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
B. Campbell, R. B. Kreider, T. Ziegenfuss et al., “International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 4, article 8, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
K. D. Tipton, “Efficacy and consequences of very-high-protein diets for athletes and exercisers,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 205–214, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
J. Antonio, A. Ellerbroek, T. Silver et al., “A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women—a follow-up investigation,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 12, no. 1, article 39, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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J. Antonio, C. A. Peacock, A. Ellerbroek, B. Fromhoff, and T. Silver, “The effects of consuming a high protein diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained individuals,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 11, article 19, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
T. Miller, Ed., NSCA's Guide to Tests and Assessments 1 Edition By National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.), Human Kinetics, 2012.
M. K. Toscani, F. M. Mario, S. Radavelli-Bagatini, D. Wiltgen, M. Cristina Matos, and P. M. Spritzer, “Effect of high-protein or normal-protein diet on weight loss, body composition, hormone, and metabolic profile in southern Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized study,” Gynecological Endocrinology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 925–930, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
D. S. Weigle, P. A. Breen, C. C. Matthys et al., “A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
K. N. Grooms, M. J. Ommerborn, D. Q. Pham, L. Djoussé, and C. R. Clark, “Dietary fiber intake and cardiometabolic risks among US adults, NHANES 1999–2010,” The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 126, no. 12, pp. 1059.e4–1067.e4, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
D. Lairon, N. Arnault, S. Bertrais et al., “Dietary fiber intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in French adults,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 1185–1194, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
L. Liu, S. Wang, and J. Liu, “Fiber consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies,” Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 139–146, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
A. T. Kunzmann, H. G. Coleman, W.-Y. Huang, C. M. Kitahara, M. M. Cantwell, and S. I. Berndt, “Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer and incident and recurrent adenoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 881–890, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
M. L. Fernandez and M. Calle, “Revisiting dietary cholesterol recommendations: does the evidence support a limit of 300 mg/d?” Current Atherosclerosis Reports, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 377–383, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
A. J. Miller, “The influence of high protein diet on the kidneys,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 897–904, 1925. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
R. G. Toedebusch, T. E. Childs, S. R. Hamilton, J. R. Crowley, F. W. Booth, and M. D. Roberts, “Postprandial leucine and insulin responses and toxicological effects of a novel whey protein hydrolysate-based supplement in rats,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 9, article 24, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
B. Campbell, R. B. Kreider, T. Ziegenfuss et al., “International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 4, article 8, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
K. D. Tipton, “Efficacy and consequences of very-high-protein diets for athletes and exercisers,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 205–214, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
J. Antonio, A. Ellerbroek, T. Silver et al., “A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women—a follow-up investigation,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 12, no. 1, article 39, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
J. Antonio, A. Ellerbroek, T. Silver, L. Vargas, and C. Peacock, “The effects of a high protein diet on indices of health and body composition—a crossover trial in resistance-trained men,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 13, no. 1, article 3, 2016. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
G. M. Turner-McGrievy, M. W. Beets, J. B. Moore, A. T. Kaczynski, D. J. Barr-Anderson, and D. F. Tate, “Comparison of traditional versus mobile app self-monitoring of physical activity and dietary intake among overweight adults participating in an mHealth weight loss program,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 513–518, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
J. Antonio, C. A. Peacock, A. Ellerbroek, B. Fromhoff, and T. Silver, “The effects of consuming a high protein diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained individuals,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 11, article 19, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
T. Miller, Ed., NSCA's Guide to Tests and Assessments 1 Edition By National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.), Human Kinetics, 2012.
M. K. Toscani, F. M. Mario, S. Radavelli-Bagatini, D. Wiltgen, M. Cristina Matos, and P. M. Spritzer, “Effect of high-protein or normal-protein diet on weight loss, body composition, hormone, and metabolic profile in southern Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized study,” Gynecological Endocrinology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 925–930, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
D. S. Weigle, P. A. Breen, C. C. Matthys et al., “A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
K. N. Grooms, M. J. Ommerborn, D. Q. Pham, L. Djoussé, and C. R. Clark, “Dietary fiber intake and cardiometabolic risks among US adults, NHANES 1999–2010,” The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 126, no. 12, pp. 1059.e4–1067.e4, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
D. Lairon, N. Arnault, S. Bertrais et al., “Dietary fiber intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in French adults,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 1185–1194, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
L. Liu, S. Wang, and J. Liu, “Fiber consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies,” Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 139–146, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
A. T. Kunzmann, H. G. Coleman, W.-Y. Huang, C. M. Kitahara, M. M. Cantwell, and S. I. Berndt, “Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer and incident and recurrent adenoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 881–890, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
M. L. Fernandez and M. Calle, “Revisiting dietary cholesterol recommendations: does the evidence support a limit of 300 mg/d?” Current Atherosclerosis Reports, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 377–383, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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